Use of biochar-based column filtration systems for greywater treatment: A systematic literature review

Biochar-based column filtration systems (BCFS) for greywater treatment have gained attention in the last decade. However, a review of state-of-the-art on this subject has not been conducted, leaving analysis and limitations available research still unexplored. This paper reviews current literature to give insights into technology identify new areas investigation. study used systematic approach evaluate documentation relating technology's worldwide status, configuration, removal mechanisms, efficiency, water reuse applications. In total, 28 studies were reported 16 countries including India Sweden as leading ones. Three filter configurations identified: single biochar filter, multilayer polishing step chain. The pollutant efficiency BCFS ranged between 50 99%. Treated is reused mainly non-potable purposes such toilet flushing, cloth washing, crop irrigation. Overall, can be feasible sustainable alternative application water-scarce regions. further needed social perception toward potable reuse, feedstocks production, scaling-up long-term assessment, evaluation additional microbial indicators, modification target specific purposes.